1. Vaizey CJ, Kamm MA, Gold DM, Bartram CI, Halligan S, Nicholls RJ. Clinical, physiological and radiological study of the new purpose-designed artificial bowel sphincter. Lancet 1998; 352: 105–9.
2. Jorge JMN, Wexner SD. Etiology and management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 1993; 36: 77–97.
3. Denis P, Bercoff E, Bizien MF, Brocker P, Chassagne P, Lamouliatte H, Leroi AM, Perrigot F, Weber J. Etude de la prévalence de l’incontinence anale chez l’adulte. Gastroentérol Clin Biol 1992; 16: 344–50.
4. Karoui S, Leroi AM, Koning E, Menard JF, Michot F, Denis P. Results of sphincteroplasty in 86 patients with anal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum 2000; 43: 813–20.
5. Le Blanc I, Michot F, Ducrotte P, Scotte M, Denis P, Teniere P. In case of reeducation failure, should postanal repair be the treatment of idiopathic fecal incontinence. Dig Surg 1993; 10: 39–42.