Abstract
AbstractFluoride is an impurity in nickel sulfate production, which is required for electric vehicle batteries. Hydrous zirconium oxide (HZO) was evaluated for removing fluoride from nickel sulfate solution. Maximum fluoride removal occurred at pH value 4 and optimal pH value is 4–5, considering Zr solubility. Fluoride availability decreases with pH due to hydrogen fluoride and zirconium fluoride aqueous species. Fluoride removal is initially rapid, with 50 wt.% removal in 7 min, followed by slow removal up to 68 wt.% after 72 h and follows second order rate kinetics. Fluoride removal was dominated by an ion exchange mechanism and resulting Zr–F bonds were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The presence of nickel sulfate decreased loading capacity compared to a salt-free solution. HZO maintained adsorption capacity through five cycles of loading and regeneration.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Surfaces, Coatings and Films,Metals and Alloys,Materials Chemistry,Materials Science (miscellaneous)
Reference85 articles.
1. Byrne K, Hawker W, Vaughan J. Effect of key parameters on the selective acid leach of nickel from mixed nickel–cobalt hydroxide. In: AIP conference proceedings. West Java: Indonesia; 2017. p. 136.
2. Farrokhpay S, Filippov L. Challenges in processing nickel laterite ores by flotation. Int J Miner Process. 2016;151:59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2016.04.007.
3. Komnitsas K, Petrakis E, Bartzas G, Karmali V. Column leaching of low-grade saprolitic laterites and valorization of leaching residues. Sci Total Environ. 2019;665:347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.381.
4. Zhaowu Z, Jian Z, Aifei Y, Hui S, Lina W, Tao Q. Magnesium removal from concentrated nickel solution by solvent extraction using Cyanex 272. Int J Miner Process Extr Metall. 2019;4(2):36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmpem.20190402.11.
5. Dry M, Vaughan J, Hawker W. Environmental evaluation of making nickel sulphate. In: ALTA 2019 nickel–cobalt–copper conference. Perth; 2019. 136.