1. Editorial, The Lancet, May 25, 1991 p. 1256.
2. Katherine L. Acuff and Ruth R. Faden, “A History of Prenatal and Newborn Screening Programs: Lessons for the Future,” in Ruth Faden et al.,AIDS, Women, and the Next Generation: Towards a Morally Acceptable Public Policy for HIV Testing of Pregnant Women and Newborns (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. 64.
3. Lionel S. Penrose, “Phenylketonuria: A Problem in Eugenics,” The Lancet, June 29, 1946, p. 951. This article is a reprint of Penrose’s inaugural lecture at University College, London. Penrose actually experimented with a low-phenylalanine diet in the 1930s; See Daniel J. Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics (New York: Knopf, 1985), pp. 177-178.
4. Robert Guthrie, letter, “Blood Screening for Phenylketonuria,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 178 (1961) See p. 863.
5. See Samuel P. Bessman and Judith P. Swazey, “Phenylketonuria: A Study of Biomédical Legislation,” Everett Mendelsohn, et al., eds. Human Aspects of Biomédical Innovation (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971), p. 53; and Acuff and Faden, “A History of Prenatal and Newborn Screening Programs,” p. 64.