1. Otto CM: Prosthetic valves. In Valvular Heart Disease. Edited by Otto CM. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2004:437–481. This recent chapter summarizes the literature on prosthetic heart valves with over 300 references. Sections are included on each valve type, with tables of expected hemodynamics, medical management of patients with prosthetic valves, with detailed discussions of endocarditis prophylaxis and anticoagulation, and evaluation and treatment of prosthetic valve dysfunction.
2. Lee YP, Schommer JC: Effect of a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic on warfarin-related hospital readmissions. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1996, 53:1580–1583.
3. Hung L, Rahimtoola SH: Prosthetic heart valves and pregnancy. Circulation 2003, 107:1240–1246. Concise overview of the issues involved in anticoagulation of pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves.
4. Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Wilson W, et al.: Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Recommendations by the American Heart Association. JAMA 1997, 277:1794–1801.
5. Otto CM: Echocardiographic evaluation of prosthetic valve dysfunction. In Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000.