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2. Blyden, Edward H. 1994/1888. Christianity, Islam and the Negro Race. Second Edition, 1888. Baltimore: Black Classic Press.
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4. Booth, Joseph, and John Chilembwe. 2008. “A Plan for African and African American Cooperation, 1897.” In David Northrup, ed., Crosscurrents in the Black Atlantic, 1770–1965. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.
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