1. ACTFL. (2012). ACTFL proficiency guidelines 2012. Alexandria, VA. Retrieved from https://www.actfl.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/public/ACTFLProficiencyGuidelines2012_FINAL.pdf
2. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. (2017). America’s languages: Investing in language education for the 21st century. Cambridge, MA: Author. Retrieved from https://www.amacad.org/content/Research/researchproject.aspx?i=21896
3. American Councils for International Education. (2017a). National examination in world languages (NEWL) ®. Proficiency score levels and placement recommendations: https://www.americancouncils.org/services/testing-and-assessment/NEWL
4. American Councils for International Education. (2017b). National K-16 foreign language enrollment survey. N. Garas, Project Director. Retrieved from https://www.americancouncils.org/sites/default/files/FLE-report-June17.pdf
5. Bachman, L. (1988). Problems in examining the validity of the ACTFL oral proficiency interview. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 10(2), 149–164. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263100007282