Michels, Mills and Civil Society Elites: Concluding Reflections and Avenues for Future Research

Abstract

AbstractIn this concluding chapter, we analyse the volume’s main findings and the paradoxical meaning of the concept of civil society elites using a classic debate in elite research, namely the difference between the ‘oligarchic elites’ identified by Michels and Mills’ theory of a ‘power elite’. We make use of these theories to distinguish between the elites of civil society (‘oligarchic elites’) and the elites in civil society (‘power elites’) and to analyse the composition, reproduction, integration, and contestation of civil society elites in different national contexts. The contributions to this volume demonstrate the significance of both a Michelsian and a Millsian approach to the exploration of civil society elites, although the results challenge some of the assumptions in these elite theories. Finally, we propose some themes for further research in order to achieve a deeper understanding of civil society elites.