Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Assessment of cartilage integrity during arthroscopy is limited by the subjective visual nature of the technique. To address this shortcoming in diagnostic evaluation of articular cartilage, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of NIRS, combined with machine learning techniques, to classify cartilage integrity.
Methods
Rabbit (n = 14) knee joints with artificial injury, induced via unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), and the corresponding contra-lateral (CL) joints, including joints from separate non-operated control (CNTRL) animals (n = 8), were used. After sacrifice, NIR spectra (1000–2500 nm) were acquired from different anatomical locations of the joints (nTOTAL = 313: nCNTRL = 111, nCL = 97, nACLT = 105). Machine and deep learning methods (support vector machines–SVM, logistic regression–LR, and deep neural networks–DNN) were then used to develop models for classifying the samples based solely on their NIR spectra.
Results
The results show that the model based on SVM is optimal of distinguishing between ACLT and CNTRL samples (ROC_AUC = 0.93, kappa = 0.86), LR is capable of distinguishing between CL and CNTRL samples (ROC_AUC = 0.91, kappa = 0.81), while DNN is optimal for discriminating between the different classes (multi-class classification, kappa = 0.48).
Conclusion
We show that NIR spectroscopy, when combined with machine learning techniques, is capable of holistic assessment of cartilage integrity, with potential for accurately distinguishing between healthy and diseased cartilage.
Funder
Academy of Finland
Finnish Cultural Foundation
Kuopio University Hospital VTR
Canadian Institutes of Health Research
The Killam Foundation
Canada Research Chair Program
Saastamoinen Foundation
Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation
Sigrid Juselius Foundation
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Modelling and Simulation
Cited by
26 articles.
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