The prevalence od dento-maxillaire anomalies in children aged 4–17 years

Abstract

Rationale. According to numerous researchers, the prevalence of dento-maxillaire anomalies (DMA) in the structure of dental morbidity ranks third place after dental caries and periodontal pathology. It averages from 40 to 85 %, which determines the medical and social significance of the problem and requires the timely diagnosis of this orthodontic pathology and the use of the most effective prevention and treatment methods. Objective of research. To determine the prevalence of dento-maxillaire anomalies in children aged 4–17 years to perform the timely diagnosis, develop and implement rational prevention and treatment methods. Materials and methods. 2276 children were examined in the periods of temporary, mixed and permanent occlusion to study the prevalence of dentomaxillaire anomalies. The examination was performed in organized child care of Kyiv (kindergartens, schools) and at the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics of Kyiv Medical University. All patients were divided into 3 clinical groups depending on the period of formation of the dento-maxillaire system. Results. According to the results of the conducted examinations of 2276 children aged from 4–17 years in the organized child care, the prevalence that reaches 75.83 % of all the examined and the nature of dento-maxillaire anomalies were detected. In particular, anomalies of class I of Angle’s Classification – 42.48 % rank the first place in terms of quantitative ratio, anomalies of class II of Angle’s Classification – 22.75 % rank the second place, the deep bite ranks the third place – 12.03 %, the fourth place – cross bite – 9.31 %, fifth place – direct bite – 6.32 %, sixth place – open bite – 3.38%, seventh place – anomalies of class III of Angle’s Classification – 3.16 % and the last eighth place is «the norm in orthodontics» – orthognathic occlusion – 0.57 %. Among the anomalies of individual teeth, teeth congestion was diagnosed in 58.28 %, diastema – in 29.83 %, trema – in 17.47 %, tortoanomalies – in 17.49 % and vestibular teeth alignment – in 13.26 %. Conclusions. The examination data analysis of 2276 children in organized child care shows a high prevalence of dento-maxillaire anomalies, that reaches 75.83 % of all the examined. The most common anomalies were: Class I of Angle’s Classification anomaly, which was diagnosed in 42.48 % of people, Class II of Angle’s Classification anomaly – in 22.75 %, and teeth congestion – in 58.28 % of cases. The considerable prevalence of dento-maxillaire anomalies indicates the need for the timely diagnosis of their early forms, that will allow to timely correct the disorder and ensure the normal development of a child’s dento-maxillaire system.